What Causes Redness And Swelling On Skin After Exposure To Cold Environment?

Whenever I am in a cold environment my skin turns red, hurts, gets swollen, and itches. Example: On a cold day my fingers, heels, elbows, knees, toes, and heels turn red, hurt, get swollen, and itch. Also, when my skin touches a cold surface a red bump forms. I would like to know what it is and why it happens. Thanks.