Brief Answer: Please, let him do a capsule endoscopy! Detailed Answer: Hi and thank you so much for this query. I am so sorry to hear about what your father is going through. For sure he has an intestinal bleed and the exact cause of this has not been established. Efforts should continue in this light. I will suggest that if he has not had a capsule endoscopy, he should be strongly considered for one. This consists in getting him to swallow a small camera that constantly takes images all along the digestive tract as it progresses from the mouth through the bowels to the anus. Though the quality of the images is less that those obtained during classical endoscopy, we stand a greater chance at identifying a possible lead area for a more focused investigation. When a client vomits blood, the chances of this actually coming from the colon are almost zero. Unless there is a generalized bleeding in the digestive tract, this blood is most likely coming from the upper part of the digestive tract. A colonososcopy would be helpful to say for sure it is not from the rectum but unlikely to show the source of bleeding given that he is vomiting blood. I understand how difficult and frustrating it can be to go through this with no exact diagnosis. For now, I will suggest that transfusion efforts should be continued hoping to pinpoint the origin of this bleeding and put a permanent end to it. I will also like to check with you whether he has a good clotting panel results or not. I will also prioritize fresh blood transfusion than stored blood. I hope this helps and adds something that can be consider in this ongoing efforts to identify the cause of this problem and treat it. I wish him the best of possible outcome and encourage you to stay strong through this difficult times. Thanks and feel free to follow up with us for more information and clarification if need be. Dr. Ivo, MD.

---