Brief Answer:
Uncontrolled Hypertension and venous problems

Detailed Answer:
Hello there, Thanks for coming to HealthCareMagic. I'm going to divide your query into 2 parts and answer them separately because i'm not sure how they fit together in your case.

Essential Hypertension simply means that your blood pressure is higher than it should be and the symptom is not being caused by a problem in any other system (like the Kidneys or the Liver). Essential hypertension is usually caused by blockage and damage of the blood vessels in your body. They become blocked up with fatty plaques and clots. When arteries become blocked, they offer more resistance to the heart, so the heart has to work harder to pump blood through them.. hence the high blood pressure.

The word 'Malignant' here refers to the fact that the blood pressures that were measured seem to have been dangerously high. When the pressures in an artery get to high.. the blood vessel can start leaking causing tiny bleeds. These bleeds at the best of times can happen in muscles and in the eyes. At the worst of times, they can cause heart attacks and strokes.

If you have been diagnosed with Malignant Essential Hypertension, then you need emergent treatment. The pressures have to be controlled before any major vessels (the ones going to the heart or the brain) are damaged. You need to be under regular medical care to get this under control. Blood pressure medications can be used to bring the pressures to a more controlled value gradually and without dipping your BP too low too fast.

Venous insufficiency is specific to the veins of the legs. The veins in the legs are special in their design. They have tiny valves in them that prevent blood from pooling in them due to gravity. If these valves start working, you would noticed that swelling in your feet that you have mentioned.

There are a couple of ways of dealing with this. The most common way is to wrap the leg in a crepe bandage or wear a TED stocking. Which is a tight stocking which compresses the vein and prevents the blood from pooling.

There are surgical options sometimes, but the person to talk these options over with is a good Vascular surgeon in person. They will want to get an ultrasound and possibly an MRI.

I hope this information helps, feel free to follow up.

Vinay

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