Hello Again... I Need Help With My Case Study %231.

Brief Answer:
Answered below

Detailed Answer:
Hello and welcome to Ask A Doctor service.

I have reviewed your case studies and here are my answers.

1.     Carbohydrates provide fuel for the CNS and energy for muscles. The foods that contain carbohydrates are milk, yogurt, and ice cream, whole fruit and fruit juice, bread, rice, crackers, and cereal, legumes. Beans and other plant-based proteins, potatoes and corn, soda, candy, cookies, and other desserts.
a.     Examples of simple carbohydrates include:
i.     raw sugar
ii.     brown sugar
iii.     corn syrup and high-fructose corn syrup
iv.     glucose, fructose, and sucrose
v.     fruit juice concentrate
b.     Examples of complex carbohydrates include:
i.     Examples of dietary fiber include:
1.     fruits
2.     vegetables
3.     nuts
4.     beans
5.     whole grains
ii.     Examples of starchy foods include:
1.     Potatoes
2.     whole wheat bread
3.     cereal
4.     corn
5.     oats
6.     peas
7.     rice

Complex sugar take more time to breakdown and hence require more time to deliver energy then simple carbohydrates.
A marathon runner would need both types of carbohydrates at different times. For preparing, complex and simple carbohydrates maybe taken. During the marathon, simple carbohydrates provide immediate energy.
Fats/lipids provide energy source and also a reserve for energy. They will breakdown when other sources of energy (carbohydrates/proteins)are depleted during marathon. Fats to be ingested atleast 2 hours before and after marathon.
Protein are used to build and repair tissues. Protein are also used to make enzymes, hormones, and other body chemicals. Protein is an important building block of bones, muscles, cartilage, skin, and blood. Regular protein intake is required while training for marathon. XXXXXXX gained weight because proteins are getting converted to fats and carbohydrates.

Case study 4

Diagnosis is metabolic encephalopathy due to hypoglycemia, alcohol toxicity
Al used body reserve of carbohydrates for energy. That swhy his sugar levels are low
Alcohol consumption causes ketotic hypoglycemia. Increased lipolysis.
Alcoholic ketoacidosis is caused by the combined effects of alcohol and starvation on glucose metabolism; it is characterized by hyperketonemia and elevated anion gap metabolic acidosis without significant hyperglycemia. Measure serum and urine ketones and electrolytes and calculate a serum anion gap.

I have answered whatever was in my specialty and knowledge. I will suggest that you post case 7 in another query.

Dr Vaishalee

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Brief Answer:
Described below

Detailed Answer:
Hi again

AV/CM is adriamycin (doxorubicin), vincristine, mechlorethamine

1.
Adriamycin (doxorubicin) cardiotoxicity is via damage or inhibition of the electron transport chain and not general redox stress.

2.
Doxorubicin has antimitotic and cytotoxic activity through a number of proposed mechanisms of action: Doxorubicin forms complexes with DNA by intercalation between base pairs, and it inhibits topoisomerase II activity by stabilizing the DNA-topoisomerase II complex, preventing the religation portion of the ligation-religation reaction that topoisomerase II catalyzes.

3.
Calcium

4.
Inhibition of ATP production due to electron shunting from Complex I by doxorubicin leading to a loss of ATP and activation of caspase 3

5.
Bleeding
Lowered energy

Dr Vaishalee

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