A
rectal tumor which is located 15cm from anal verge in the
rectum can be removed surgically with an anterior resection without the need of a permanent stoma. Other factors have to be considered prior to this surgery including:
1. Is the tumor localized or has distant mets. A CAT scan of abdomen and pelvis and a
chest radiograph would give the stage of the disease and confirm or rule out metastasis.
2. Negative circumferential resection margins (CRM) can be obtained or not. An MRI of rectum will settle this issue.
If patient has no distant metastasis and no peri-rectal extension (extension through rectal muscle into surrounding tissue) or peri-rectal lymph adenopathy (enlarged lymph nodes around rectum) then upfront surgery with anterior resection can be done.
If there is peri-rectal extension (T3 tumor) or peri-rectal lymph nodes then neoadjuvant (pre surgery) chemoradiation therapy needs to be given prior to anterior resection.
If there are distant metastasis then its a palliative case requiring palliative surgery,
chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
I hope I have answered your query. You can discuss it with the treating
oncologist. If you have any further questions I will be more than happy to answer.