Hello, Dark pigmentation in these areas can be caused by a number of factors including genetics, hormonal changes, excessive sun exposure, and certain medications. Here are some things you can do to help lighten the dark pigmentation in these areas: * Exfoliate: Regular exfoliation can help remove dead skin cells and reduce the appearance of dark patches. You can use a gentle exfoliating scrub or a loofah to exfoliate these areas. * Moisturize: Keeping your skin moisturized can help improve the overall appearance of your skin. Look for a moisturizer that contains ingredients like vitamin E, shea butter, and glycerin, which can help nourish and hydrate your skin. * Use sunscreen: Protecting your skin from the sun can help prevent further darkening. Make sure to apply sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 to these areas every day, even on cloudy days. * Consider topical treatments: There are several topical treatments that can help reduce the appearance of dark pigmentation. Some common ingredients include hydroquinone, kojic acid, and alpha hydroxy acids. However, it s important to talk to a dermatologist before using any of these treatments, as they may not be suitable for everyone. * Lifestyle changes: If your dark pigmentation is caused by hormonal changes or medications, it may be helpful to talk to your doctor about alternative options. Additionally, maintaining a healthy diet and exercise routine can help improve overall skin health. Remember, it may take time to see results, so be patient and consistent with your skincare routine. If you re concerned about your dark pigmentation, it s always best to consult a dermatologist for personalized advice and treatment options. Take care. Hope I have answered your question. Let me know if I can assist you further. Regards, Dr. H. Kay, General & Family Physician