Hi
Any serious illness, especially painful ones, can make you tired. But some quite minor illnesses can also leave you feeling washed out. Here are 10 health conditions known to cause fatigue.
1. Coeliac disease
This is a type of
food intolerance, where your body reacts badly when you eat gluten – a substance found in bread, cakes and cereals.
One in 100 people in the UK are affected, but research suggests up to 90% of them don't know they have the condition, according to patient group Coeliac UK.
Other symptoms of coeliac disease, apart from tiredness, are diarrhoea, anaemia and
weight loss. Your GP can check if you have coeliac disease through a blood test.
2. Anaemia
One of the most common medical reasons for feeling constantly run down is
iron deficiency anaemia. It affects around 1 in 20 men and postmenopausal women, but may be even more common in women who are still having periods.
Typically, you'll feel you can't be bothered to do anything, your muscles will feel heavy, and you'll get tired very quickly.
Women with
heavy periods and pregnant women are especially prone to anaemia.
3.
Chronic fatigue syndrome
Chronic fatigue syndrome (
myalgic encephalomyelitis, or ME) is a severe and disabling tiredness that goes on for at least six months. There are usually other symptoms, such as a
sore throat, muscle or joint pain, and headache.
4. Sleep apnoea
Sleep apnoea is a condition where your throat narrows or closes during sleep and repeatedly interrupts your breathing.
This results in bad snoring and a drop in your blood's oxygen levels. The difficulty in breathing means you wake up often in the night and feel exhausted the next day.
It's most common in overweight middle-aged men. Drinking alcohol and smoking makes it worse.
5. Underactive thyroid
An underactive thyroid gland means you have too little thyroid hormone (thyroxine) in your body. This makes you feel tired.
You're also likely to put on weight and have aching muscles. It's most common in women and happens more often as you get older.
Your GP can diagnose an underactive thyroid by taking a blood test.
Since fatigue is a symptom of an underlying condition, the treatment depends upon the condition that is causing the fatigue, regardless of whether it is physical, psychological or a combination of the two.
There may be a lag time between when the illness has been treated and the intensity of fatigue symptoms; some symptoms may resolve as soon as the underlying condition is treated. For example, individuals who are anemic feel much better as soon as their red blood cell count increases, while those recovering from
infectious mononucleosis may require weeks to have their energy levels return to normal.
Fatigue as a symptom can occur as the result of many causes and therefore, prevention is not an issue. More importantly, the early recognition of fatigue will allow a person to seek medical care and potentially have an earlier diagnosis of the underlying cause made.
Sometimes, symptoms like fatigue arise gradually and it is difficult for the person to realize that there is a problem. It may take an outside perspective from a friend or family member to appreciate a difference in function. Self-awareness of gradual decline in body performance is often difficult as a person makes repeated small accommodations to complete daily activities.
A bruise is a common skin injury that results in a discoloration of the skin. Blood from damaged blood cells deep beneath the skin collects near the surface of the skin, resulting in what we think of as a black and blue mark.
Causes of a Bruise
People typically get bruises when they bump into something or when something bumps into them.
Bruises can occur in some people who exercise vigorously, such as athletes and weight lifters. These bruises result from microscopic tears in blood vessels under the skin.
Unexplained bruises that occur easily or for no apparent reason may indicate a
bleeding disorder, especially if the bruising is accompanied by frequent nosebleeds or
bleeding gums.
Often, what are thought to be unexplained bruises on the shin or the thigh, for example, actually result from bumps into a bedpost or other object and failing to recall the injury.
Bruises in elderly people frequently occur because their skin has become thinner with age. The tissues that support the underlying blood vessels have become more fragile.
Bruises are also more common in those taking medicine to thin the blood.
Symptoms of a Bruise
Initially, a fresh bruise may actually be reddish. It will then turn blue or dark purple within a few hours, then yellow or green after a few days as it heals.
A bruise is commonly tender, and sometimes even painful for the first few days, but the pain usually goes away as the color fades.
Because the skin is not broken in a bruise, there is no risk of infection.
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Symptoms of a Bruise
Initially, a fresh bruise may actually be reddish. It will then turn blue or dark purple within a few hours, then yellow or green after a few days as it heals.
A bruise is commonly tender, and sometimes even painful for the first few days, but the pain usually goes away as the color fades.
Because the skin is not broken in a bruise, there is no risk of infection.
If an injury is obviously a bruise and the doctor does not suspect any broken bones, the doctor will probably not perform any tests.
If there is swelling or severe pain, the doctor may want to get an X-ray of the area to make sure there are no broken bones.
If bruising occurs frequently and for no apparent reason, the doctor may have your blood tested to look for a bleeding disorder.
Certain bruises, a pattern of bruises over time and in various stages of healing may alert a doctor to the possibility of
physical abuse.
he treatment for a bruise is most effective right after the injury, while the bruise is still reddish.
A cold compress such as an ice pack or a bag of frozen vegetables should be applied to the affected area for 20-30 minutes in order to speed healing and reduce swelling. Do not apply ice directly to the skin. Wrap the ice pack in a towel.
If the bruise takes up a large area of the leg or foot, the leg should be kept elevated as much as possible during the first 24 hours after the injury.
Acetaminophen may be taken for pain as instructed on the bottle. Avoid aspirin or ibuprofen because they slow the blood from clotting and may, in fact, prolong the bleeding.
After about 48 hours, heat in the form of a warm washcloth applied to the bruise for 10 minutes or so two to three times a day may increase blood flow to the bruised area, allowing the skin to reabsorb the blood more quickly. Ultimately, the bruise will fade in color.
Medical Treatment for a Bruise
Doctors have no special treatment for bruises other than the techniques described above: ice packs and later heat, over-the-counter medications for pain, and elevation of the bruised area, if possible.
A suspected victim of domestic abuse may be referred to a social worker.
Bruise Prevention
To prevent a bruise:
Wear protective gear (like shin guards) while playing contact sports such a soccer.
Place furniture away from doorways and common walking paths within your home.
Keep phone and electrical cords away from open areas where you may trip and fall.
Be sure floors are kept dry and that rugs are slip resistant.
Keep floors free of clutter.
Plug in a small night light or use a flashlight if you need to walk to the bathroom during the night.
If your doctor has prescribed blood-thinning drugs, be sure to have regular monitoring and adjust medications as necessary.
Regards
DR DE