Brief Answer:
Hello sir

Detailed Answer:
Thanks for choosing HCM. Am Dr Bhanu Partap and am a cardiology practitioner, here I will try to explain these medical terms in a simple understandable way.

1. Carotid Artery Stenosis: Carotid artery stenosis is a narrowing of the large arteries on either side of the neck that carry blood to the head, face and brain. This narrowing is usually the result of a build-up of plaque within the arteries, a condition called atherosclerosis. Stenosis can worsen over time to completely block the artery which may lead to stroke.
Risk factors for carotid artery stenosis include age, smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity and an inactive lifestyle.
Severe cases of stenosis often require carotid endarterectomy, in which a surgeon makes an incision to remove plaque and any diseased portion of the artery while the patient is under general anesthesia. Less severe cases can be treated by stenting or ballooning.

2. Aortic Valve Stenosis: Its a valve that's attached at the beginning of the aorta in the left ventricular cavity through which blood enters the aorta as the heart pumps.

It's basically the narrowing of the aortic valve area, Stenosis prevents the valve from opening properly, forcing the heart to work harder to pump blood through the valve. This causes pressure to build up in the left ventricle and thickens the heart muscle.
As you age, calcium can build up on the valve, making it hard and thick. This buildup happens over time, so symptoms usually don't appear until after age 65. Congenital heart disease and rheumatic heart disease are the other causes.
Severe symptomatic stenosis require valve replacement and less severe can be dealt with ballooning.

I hope this information will clear your doubts. Feel free to ask if you have any other doubts or else you can close the discussion and kindly rate the answer.

I wish you good health

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