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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), is a progressive
neuromuscular disease that weakens and eventually destroys motor neurons (components of the nervous system that connect the brain with the skeletal muscles). Treatment is only palliative and there is no cure for ALS. Supportive treatment is given to relieve pain and improve the quality of life. Treatment is based on individual therapy and continuous adaptation of medications.
Suggested treatment for ALS include :
1. Riluzole (Rilutek) : it is one of the drugs that has been proved to be effective against ALS and it may prevent progression of disease and prolong life for a few months or so.
2. Baclofen (Lioresol) or tizanadine (Zanaflex) may be given to relieve spasticity.
3. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or naproxen can be given to reduce discomfort.
4. Tramadol (Ultram) for pain relief.
5.
Physiotherapy is an important part of treatment and helps to relieve cramping and
muscular pain. Passive stretching helps to avoid permanent contraction of muscles (contractures) that may cause joint problems.
Other therapies, such as
occupational therapy and
speech therapy, are also used in treatment. ALS patients require a diet of high-energy foods that are easy to swallow.
If the patient is not able to take enough orally, a
percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG), or feeding tube, is usually inserted. This has been shown to prolong life in ALS patients who are losing weight.
Some ALS patients may also need pulmonary consultants and respiratory therapists to assist breathing.
Depression is very common among ALS patients. Hence antidepressant medication and counseling can help patients and their families cope.
However, all the above treatment should be started only with the advise of the consultants.