Hi, Hydroureteronephrosis is when the renal pelvis and ureter (the tube that connects the kidney to the bladder) become dilated due to a blockage in the ureter. A kidney stone or calculus typically causes this blockage. The condition is usually diagnosed through imaging tests such as an ultrasound or CT scan. The treatment will depend on the size and location of the stone. If the stone is small and located where it is likely to pass on its own, your brother may be advised to drink plenty of fluids and take pain medication to help manage any discomfort. Suppose the stone is larger or located where it is unlikely to pass on its own. In that case, your brother may need a procedure to remove the stone, such as a ureteroscopy or percutaneous nephrolithotomy. It is important to note that the seriousness of this issue will depend on the size and location of the stone, your brother s overall health, and any other medical conditions he may have. Kidney stones can cause severe pain and discomfort but are not typically life-threatening. However, if left untreated, they can lead to more severe complications such as infection or kidney damage. It is best to consult with a urologist who can properly evaluate your brother s condition and recommend the best course of treatment. Take care. Hope I have answered your question. Let me know if I can assist you further. Regards, Dr. Priyanka, General & Family Physician