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Oral pain medications are often the first treatment that relief pain. The choice of medication depends largely on the type of symptom that predominates.
- analgesics (pain killers) or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (anti-inflammatory drugs other than derivatives of cortisone) may relieve pain and inflammation.
- antispasmodic drugs, muscle relaxants or anticonvulsants may also be used to relax the bladder as much as possible.
- Anticonvulsants such as Gabapentin, a drug used to treat chronic pain because it alters nerve transmission of pain to the brain. This medication is usually effective, but it does not relieve the pain quickly. It slightly increases the threshold beyond which pain is felt.
-Some Antidepressants drugs at low doses have painkilling properties. They act as neuromodulators of pain. Amitriptyline is often used and helps relieve pain in about two thirds of people with
interstitial cystitis . The inhibitor antidepressants reuptake inhibitors (Prozac or fluoxetine, sertraline) may also be used, although there is less data on their use.
- Some antihistamines (used against allergy) such as hydroxyzine, a medication used against allergies, is sometimes used. However, few studies have confirmed its effectiveness. The effect on the symptoms would appear after 3 months.
- Immunosuppressive agents such as Cyclosporin A. shown in a study that their low dose administration was more effective than the administration of sodium pentosan (ELMIRON®) and reduces symptoms of interstitial cystitis.
- The sodium pentosan (ELMIRON®) is the only oral medication that is specifically used to relieve pain caused by interstitial cystitis. It is therefore the most used. This drug would adhere to the mucosa lining the inside of the bladder, thus protecting it from the irritating components of the urine. The optimal therapeutic effect appears only after 6 to 12 months of treatment.
Introducing liquid into the bladder (bladder instillations)
that contains one or more drugs by inserting a tube (catheter) into the urethra may relieve pain. These drugs act directly on the wall of the bladder. Their purpose is to temporarily replace the superficial layer of the inside of the bladder so that it is less irritable. Several drugs can be used. For example:
Cystistat® composed of sodium hyaluronate (
hyaluronic acid salt).
GepanInstill® or Uracyst® contain chondroitin sulfate.
The most frequently used drug is dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Depending on the case, the solution should be stored in the bladder for 15 to 60 minutes and then removed by urination. It is usually administered weekly for 6 weeks. DMSO may be used alone or in combination with
corticosteroids or heparin.
Heparin can also be used alone. It strengthens the protective layer that lines the inside of the bladder. Instillations are usually weekly, but relief is obtained less rapidly than with DMSO.
Food Changes
If diet increases the degree of acidity of the urine, the pains of interstitial cystitis are increased. Also, people with interstitial cystitis notice that their pain worsens for 2 to 4 hours after eating certain foods. Thus, up to 6 in 10 interstitial cystitis sufferers can clearly recognize harmful foods responsible for increased pain. In some cases, a change in the diet is enough to relieve the pain. From one person to another, however, it is not the same foods that exacerbate the symptoms. It is therefore advisable for everyone to recognize "harmful" foods in order to avoid them.
To this end, it is very helpful to keep a food diary of noting the contents of the meal and intensity of symptoms. This process of observation and adaptation of the diet takes place over several months. The help of a dietician or a nutritionist is strongly recommended.
As first tracks of research, here are various triggers foods known to exacerbate symptoms in many people with interstitial cystitis:
• All soft drinks, all sodas and colas.
• Caffeine or tea (non-decaffeinated coffee, cola-type soft drink, tea, chocolate).
• Alcohol (beer, white wine, red or rosé, champagne, strong alcohols).
• Hot peppers and spicy dishes.
• Foods and very acidic juices (several fruits, but especially citrus fruits and tomatoes).
• Some fruits and vegetables: beans, beans, pineapples, citrus, banana, rhubarb ...
• Most nuts.
• Smoked meats and fish, tofu.
• Synthetic sweeteners, preservatives and food additives.
• Vinegar (and pickled foods in vinegar), mustard, soy sauce.
• While cranberry juice is recommended to treat, and prevent
urinary tract infections (bacterial cystitis), it can worsen the symptoms of interstitial cystitis. It is better to avoid consuming it.
Others major treatment are focused in,
Psychotherapy, Transcutaneous Electrical
Neurostimulation (TENS) and Surgical interventions.
I SUGGEST YOU TO CONSULT AN
UROLOGIST.
best wishes