Hello, Hiccups are actually spasms of diaphragm the muscle of respiration and closure of vocal cords. The following are various causes of mild hiccups: 1) Drinking carbonated beverages and alcohol 2) Eat or drink very quickly 3) Over stretch of neck 4) Extreme excitement or fear 5) In patients using benzodiazepines or anti-depressant But in the above cases, the hiccups go away spontaneously after few minutes or hours. Those hiccups which last for days together are called intractable hiccups. The following are some of the causes of recurrent intractable hiccups: 1) Post anesthesia 2) Uremia or kidney failure as you mentioned increase in blood urea 3) Pneumonia 4) Stroke 5) Gastroesophageal reflux disease 6) Pancreatitis 7) Various tumors and cancers You don t need to get apprehended by looking at the above lists. I just mentioned all the causes including pathological ones. Recently I treated a patient with intractable hiccups with home remedies like: 1) Holding breath for few seconds 2) Swallowing granulated sugar or dried crumbs of bread 3) Gargling water 4) Gently pulling on your tongue Medical treatment for hiccups is the following drugs 1) Gabapentin 2) Baclofen 3) Chlorpromazine Regarding the medication, you can use Bacfen, Alembic tablets and can skip all the others including inhaler. If the hiccups is not controlled with those medicines, try chlorpromazine tablet 25 mg twice daily. Take care. Hope I have answered your question. Let me know if I can assist you further. Regards, Dr. Pallavi M., Anesthesiologist