The patient is a 75-year-old male with a history of hematuria, dysuria, chronic UTIs, and benign prostatic hyperplasia. At present, he has nocturia three times per night with slow urinary stream. A CT scan showed a distended urinary bladder with large postvoid residual. In the kidney there was evidence of cortical renal cysts. Cystoscopy was performed, revealing a diverticulum of the bladder with a neoplastic lesion within the diverticulum. A biopsy was performed, and it showed ulceration and chronic cystitis, but no malignancy. The patient has a history of: