Hello!
Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a condition due to abnormalities in the androgen hormones metabolism, which results in an impaired hormonal balance. The diagnosis is made by clinical evaluation, laboratory screening and radiological tests.
Women that has this condition present with menstrual disorders (
oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea) that in general dates since the menarche (first period) and infertility. Other symptoms are
hyperandrogenism that include hirsutism (abnormal growth of hair in body and face, in male pattern) and increase in muscle mass and clitoromegaly, obesity, diabetes, sleep apnea.
Laboratry screening should include hormones and their precursors measuring in blood and urine. Since the hormone metabolism is controlled by the hipotalamic - pituitary - ovarian axis, hormones controlled from this axis should be checked (testosterone, TSH, thyroxine, prolactine, cortisol, FSH and LH etc)
In the imaging tests ultrasound examination (intravaginal) and MRI should reveal enlarged ovaries and
multiple cysts on them. The diagnosis is made if there are over 12 cysts per ovary.
The treatment include changes in lifestyle like diet and weight loss, physical activity, medication like oral contraceptive agents, antiandrogens (
spironolactone etc), oral hypoglicemic etc. Surgery is also indicated in some cases.
I hope i have been of help