Causes of Orchitis

• Viral Orchitis mainly caused by mumps.
• Bacterial Orchitis: It can occur following epididymitis.
• Sexually transmitted diseases like gonorrhea or Chlamydia.

Symptoms of Orchitis

• Swelling of one or both testicles.
• Mild to severe testicular pain.
• Tenderness in one or both testicles.
• Nausea.
• Fever.
• Discharge from penis.
• Blood in semen.
• Groin pain.

Risk factor for Orchitis

• Not immunized for mumps.
• Age more than 45.
• Recurrent urinary tract infections.
• Surgery that involves the genitals or urinary tract due to infection.
• Congenital malformations in the urinary tract.
• High risk sexual behaviors like multiple sexual partners, unprotected sex without condoms, sex with a partner who has an STD.

Tests and diagnosis

• Physical examaintion.
• STD screening.
• Ultrasound imaging.
• Nuclear scan of the testicles.

Complications of Orchitis

• Testicular atrophy.
• Scrotal abscess.
• Repeated epididymitis.
• Infertility.

Treatment and drugs

• Pain medications.
• Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen, naproxen.
• Bed rest.
• Elevation of scrotum and applying cold packs.
• Antibiotics like ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, doxycycline, sulfamethoxazole.