It is a condition in which the endometrial cells are deposited in areas outside the uterine cavity.The uterine cavity is lined by cells called endometrial cells, the cells are under the influence of female hormones. These cells sometimes get deposited outside the uterus and are similar to the cells found inside the uterus.

It is mainly seen in reproductive age group. It occurs around 5 to 10% of women.

Symptoms:

• Pelvic pain.
• Infertility,
• Dysmenorrhea.
• Chronic pelvic pain
• Pain during sex.
• Pain during passing bowel movements
• Pain during urination.

The common sites for the endometriosis:

• Ovaries.
• Fallopian tubes.
• Back of the uterus and the posterior cul-de-sac.
• Uterine ligaments.
• Pelvic wall.
• Intestines.
• Urinary bladder and ureters.

Complications of the endometriosis:

• Internal scarring.
• Adhesions.
• Pelvic cysts.
• Chocolate cysts.
• Ruptured cyst.

Diagnosis:

• Ultrsound scan.
• CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis.
• MRI scan.

Treatment:

• Simple analgesics like aspirin and paracetamol.
• Compound analgesics in the form of combination.
• Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Hormonal therapy:

• Combined oral contraceptive pill.
• Progestogens/progestins
• GnRH analogues.
• Danazol.
• Laproscopic surgery