Retina is the light sensitive layer of the eye and it lines the inside of the eye. The main function of retina is that it sends visual signals to the brain through the optic nerve. If the retina is torn in small areas it is called retinal tears or retinal breaks.
Rhegmatogenous: It is the most common type of retinal detachment. In this the tear or break in the retina allows the fluid to get under the retina and separate from the retinal pigment epithelium.
Tractional: In this type the scar tissue on the surface of retina contracts and causes the retina to separate from the pigment layer.
Exudative: This type usually occurs after the disease of the retina like injury to the eye, inflammatory disorders of retina. In this the fluid leaks in to the area below the retina.