It occurs when the blood vessel of the brain is blocked by the blood clot. It is often warning for future development of stroke. MOs of the symptoms disappear in one hour but may persist for 24 hours. It is also known as hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke.

Causes of TIA

• Blood clot in the artery of brain.
• Blood clot which has been migrated from other part of brain like from heart.
• Injury to the blood vessels of brain.
• Narrowing of blood vessels.
• Atrial fibrillation.
• Blood disorders like polycythemia, sickle cell anemia
• Arteritis

Signs and symptoms of stroke

• Weakness of one side of the body.
• Difficulty in speaking.
• Temporary loss of vision.
• Numbness and tingling on one side of the body.
• Loss of balance.
• Loss of coordination.
• Difficulty in walking due to loss of balance and coordination.
• Dizziness.
• Sudden fall.

Amaurosis Fugax: It is type of TIA where there is sudden loss of vision in one eye which resolves spontaneously. It occurs if there is when the clot from carotid artery dislodges and occludes one of the ophthalmic arteries causing stoppage of blood supply to retina.

Diagnosis of Transient ischemic attack

• Electrocardiogram.
• CT scan of the brain
• Complete blood count.
• Carotid ultrasound.
• Echocardiogram

Treatment

The aim of treatment include in preventing in development of stroke. It includes:

• Reduction of risk factors of stroke like controlling blood pressure, cholesterol and controlling diabetes. Treating high cholesterol is also indicated.
• Advised to quit smoking
• Aspirin: It is used to prevent recurrence of TIA and stroke. It prevents platelets aggregation and clot formation.
• Anti platelet drugs like clopidogrel can be given.