Brief Answer: Insulin Detailed Answer: There are at least 4 postulated mechanisms to explain why insulin causes weight gain: 1 Insulin is an 'adipogenic' hormone ie it promotes creation of fat depots in the body. It prevents breakdown of fat stores. 2 Insulin by itself may cause some water retention by the body that contributes to weight gain 3 When a person's diabetes is poorly controlled, excess glucose from the blood leaks into the urine, and there is a net loss of calories that may well cause weight loss. When insulin in initiated, may a time there is improved glucose control and less glucose leaks into the urine. The previous calories lost are now retained and weight gain follows 4 Insulin may cause low glucose reactions. The body in defense reacts by eating, sometimes preemptively. This behavior has also been implicated in insulin related weight gain

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Brief Answer: Follow up Detailed Answer: There is no upper limit to the amount of insulin , regardless of the type, that can be taken, It is individualized based upon blood glucose responses.

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