Urine
value Designation Approximate serum concentration
mg/dL mmol/l
0 Negative Reference range: 0.5-3.0[6] 0.05-0.29[6]
1+ 5 (interquartile range (IQR): 1-9)[7] 0.5 (IQR: 0.1–0.9)[8]
2+ Ketonuria[9] 7 (IQR: 2-19)[7] 0.7 (IQR: 0.2–1.8)[8]
3+ 30 (IQR: 14-54)[7] 3 (IQR: 1.4–5.2)[8]
4+ Severe ketonuria[10] - -
plasma osmolarity (above 320 mosm/kg)
diabetic ketonuria is a genuinely serious medical emergency.
Without urgent treatment, this
diabetes complication can lead to death. With adequate and rapid intervention and treatment, mortality rates are lowered to around 5%.
How is diabetic
ketoacidosis treated?
Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis involves administering intravenous fluids to correct
dehydration.
Insulin is also required to instantly suppress the
ketone bodies that the body manufactures. Treatment of other underlying causes of DKA must also be addressed, including infections.