Barotrauma is damage to the middle ear caused by unequal air pressure on the two sides of the eardrum. Normally, the Eustachian tube, which connects the middle ear and the back of the nose, helps maintain equal pressure on both sides of the eardrum by allowing outside air to enter the middle ear. When outside air pressure changes suddenly?for example, during the ascent or descent of an airplane or a deep-sea dive air must move through the Eustachian tube to equalize the pressure in the middle ear. These fast changes in altitude cause air pressure changes and can trigger barotrauma.

The adenoids are lumpy clusters of spongy lymphoid tissue that help protect kids from getting sick. They sit high on each side of the throat behind the nose and the roof of the mouth above and behind the uvula. Like tonsils, adenoids help keep our body healthy by trapping harmful bacteria and viruses that we breathe in or swallow. Adenoids also contain cells that make antibodies to help our body fight infections. Adenoids do important work as infection fighters for babies and little kids and become less important once a kid gets older and the body develops other ways to fight germs, adenoids usually shrink after about age 5, and by the teenage years they often practically disappear.

Psoriasis is a noncontagious noncurable common long term skin condition that causes rapid skin cell reproduction resulting in red, itchy, dry patches and thick silvery scales of thickened skin. The dry flakes and skin scales are thought to result from the rapid buildup of skin cells. Psoriasis commonly affects the skin of the elbows, knees, and scalp. Sometimes psoriasis may clear for years and stay in remission. Some have worsening of their symptoms in the colder winter months. Many show improvement in warmer climates, or with increased sunlight exposure. Patients with more severe psoriasis may have social embarrassment, job stress, emotional distress, and other personal issues because of the appearance of their skin.

Acid maltase deficiency is a neuro muscular, autosomal recessive disease metabolic disorder characterized by an excessive accumulation of glycogen within lysosome-derived vacuoles in nearly all types of cells.

Hydrocephalus occurs when excess fluid builds up in brain, most often because of an obstruction preventing proper fluid drainage. The excess fluid can push fragile brain tissues up against the skull ? causing brain damage and, if left untreated, even death. Hydrocephalus is sometimes present at birth, although it may develop later. The excessive accumulation of CSF results in an abnormal widening of spaces in the brain called ventricles. This widening creates potentially harmful pressure on the tissues of the brain.